The Importer's Notebook
Practical guides on duty, freight, VAT and unit economics — no fluff.
Documentation
6 articles
Understanding Commercial Invoices: What Customs Needs and Common Mistakes
The commercial invoice is the most important document in international trade. Get it wrong and your goods will be delayed at customs. Learn exactly what information to include and mistakes to avoid.
Understanding Proforma Invoices and Purchase Orders in International Trade
Proforma invoices and purchase orders are foundational documents in importing. Learn what they contain, why they matter, and how to use them effectively to protect your interests.
How to Read a Bill of Lading: Every Field Explained
The Bill of Lading is the most important document in sea freight. Here's what every field means and why getting it right matters for customs clearance.
Commercial Invoice for Customs Clearance: Every Field You Must Include
Complete commercial invoice template for customs — every required field, common mistakes that cause delays, and a printable checklist for importers worldwide.
Import Documentation Checklist UK: Every Document You Need Before Shipping
UK import documents checklist — every document required to clear goods through UK customs, who prepares each one, and retention requirements.
What Documents Do You Need to Import Goods? A Complete Checklist
Missing a document can delay your shipment by weeks. Here's every document you need for a smooth import, from purchase order to customs clearance.
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